As Sikh Genocide And The Sikh Massacre - 2062 Words

as Sikh Genocide â€Å"Never forget 1984† Many years has been passed but still when we read the Sikh genocide in 1984, our eyes filled with the tears. The 1984 Sikh riots also known as the Sikh Massacre or the genocide of Sikhs, started after the murder of Indira Gandhi, the Prime Minister of India by her own two Sikh bodyguards. The reason behind this was to take the revenge from Mrs. Gandhi as it was her decision to have an attack on the Golden Temple, one of the biggest holy place of the Sikh community. Her order was named as Operation Blue Star, motivated to take out terrorists who had blocked off themselves inside the temple. (Kundu 2017). As the result of this army attack many of the Sikh buildings of Amritsar were destroyed and some†¦show more content†¦People started gathering outside the hospital and chanting slogans like â€Å"KHOON KA BADLA KHOON SE† which means â€Å"BLOOD FOR BLOOD† and â€Å"SARDAR GADDAR HAI† or â€Å"SIKH ARE TRAITORS†. (Kaur 2006). Giani Jarnail Singh who was also a Sikh and president of India, when arrived at the scene, the people started throwing the stones at his representative. Before the Nanavati Commission, DP Gulati belongs to Hindu religion confirmed that the crowd outside the hospital was controlled by Arjun Das (Congress party councillor). From October 31, evidences and police records revealed that violence against Sikhs did not result into any deaths and was just normal violence that was only limited to the zone where the body of Indira Gandhi was kept. The Ruling Congress party organized a careful plan and put it into action with their local followers to kill the Sikhs of Delhi on the night of 31st October and early morning of 1st November. Congress leaders held assemblies with the purpose of rallying local supporters to start the massacre against the Sikhs. It is also revealed that massacre of Sikhs did not start the day of the murder of Prime Minister. Congress leaders cleverly assembled a network of planned gangs for rallies and those same people were responsible for the Sikh riots, according to Rajni Kothari. The attacks on Sikhs was pre-planned and the Congress party was to use state’s resources to simplify the massacre. Delhi Transportation corporation buses were used to takeShow MoreRelatedThe 1984 Anti-Sikh Riots in India1175 Words   |  5 PagesThe 1984 Anti-Sikh Riots in India The Anti-Sikh riots in the 1984 year of riots had been anything in particular. People are aggrieved when they hear of the incident and narrate stories of how runaway crime could have increased on Sikhs during the time. The main reason for the advent of the riots was the shooting down of Mrs. Indira Gandhi in morning of 31 October 1984. The riots had started off in the evening just after her morning death. The information of the riots was already taken by GiyaniRead MoreThe Theme Of Partition Of India And Pakistan5553 Words   |  23 Pagesthe border manifested in ruthless mass destruction as well as the evil impact of Partition on the peace-loving Hindus, Muslims and Sikhs of Mano Majra. Mano Majra has always been known for its railway station. All the activities in Mano Majra are closely linked with the arrival and departure of railway trains. The morning mail train to Lahore tells Mullah and the Sikh Priest that it is time for morning Prayer. The Mano Majrans eat and have a siesta when the midday express passes by and they are backRead MoreRole of the Public Prosecutor1277 Words   |  6 PagesState and its agencies. These questions assume greater significance in situations where those arraigned for trial are functionaries and agents of the State itself. Evidences related to the 1984 anti Sikh massacre in Delhi, the 1992 anti-Muslim violence in Mumbai and the 2002 state-sponsored genocide in Gujarat have all convincingly named and shown public servants in the role of perpetrators, conspirators and abettors in serious crimes including murder, rape and arson. Can a Public Prosecutor functioningRead MoreEssay The Kohinoor Diamond2590 Words   |  11 Pagesto 1947, the British government claimed India and its inhabitants as a colonial possession. Before the British Empire laid claim to the vastness of India, the British East India Company helped to oversee the transfer of the Kohinoor Diamond from the Sikh Empire to their motherland in 1851. Fought over for centuries and claimed by many, the owner of this diamond only yields it to another at the cost of an empire. Believed to have originated from the depths of an ancient Indian mine, the Kohinoor DiamondRead MoreHuman Rights in Afghanistan4911 Words   |  20 Pagesspiritual leader. In the past, small communities of Hindus, Sikhs, Jews, and Christians also lived in the country; however, most members of these communities have left. Even at their peak, these non-Muslim minorities constituted only one percent of the population. Almost all members of the countrys small Hindu and Sikh population, which once numbered about 50,000, have emigrated or taken refuge abroad. Non-Muslims such as Hindus and Sikhs now number only in the hundreds, often working as traders.Read MoreHuman Rights in Afghanistan4924 Words   |  20 Pagesspiritual leader. In the past, small communities of Hindus, Sikhs, Jews, and Christians also lived in the country; however, most members of these communities have left. Even at their peak, these non-Muslim minorities constituted only one percent of the population. Almost all members of the countrys small Hindu and Sikh population, which once numbered about 50,000, have emigrated or taken refuge abroad. Non-Muslims such as Hindus and Sikhs now number only in the hundreds, often working as traders.Read MoreImperialism in India6601 Words   |  27 Pagesviolent protesters such as Tilak, nonviolent opposition to British imperialism emerged in protesters such as Ghandi. In response to the Rowlatt Acts, which enabled a protester or suspected terrorist to be imprisoned without trial, and the Amritsar massacre, in which 379 unarmed anti-British demonstrators were killed, Ghandi advocated a return to traditional Indian simplicity as opposed to Western materialism (Cowie 41, 1994). This dislike of materialism was owed in part to his experiences in EnglandRead MoreWorld Peace8312 Words   |  34 Pagesconflict over access to state coffers. Through processes of  bounded rationality, people are conditioned towards strong in-group identities and are easily swayed to fear outsiders, psychological predispositions that make possible sectarian violence, genocide, and terrorism.[21] Market-oriented socio-economies are integrated not with personal ties but the impersonal force of the market where most individuals are economically dependent on trusting strangers in contracts enforced by the state. This createsRead MoreOne Significant Change That Has Occurred in the World Between 1900 and 2005. Explain the Impact This Change Has Made on Our Lives and Why It Is an Important Change.163893 Words   |  656 Pagesuprising WORLD MIGRATION IN THE LONG TWENTIETH CENTURY †¢ 41 pushed thousands across the border into India. The Lebanese civil war between 1975 and 1990 and Israeli military incursions displaced close to a million people. The Rwanda massacres of July 1994 led to the exodus of close to a million mostly Tutsi refugees. The victory of a Tutsi-led government led to a larger outflow of Hutus. Most recently, the U.S. invasion of Iraq generated an exodus of 2.2 million, according to the Office

Discuss The Stakeholders Organizations And People Who Are...

Discuss the stakeholders, organizations and people who are impacted by the public policy as well as how the different levels of government interact as a result of the legislation (federal, state, and local)? Everyone is impacted by the public policy-making, whether it’s federal, state, and local because the results of the decision-making have a major affect of our economic well-being. At the federal level (Executives) interacts with the Congress to get their policy proposal placed on the congressional agenda. At the state level they have their own agenda priorities, and these priorities will affect how states act in the federal system, attempting to influence the federal agenda in pursuit of state-level goals. The emerging literature about states’ impacts on internal and external agendas demonstrates the importance of challenging accepted views of the interactions between federal levels. This process relates the policy stream as it relates to the text, where it sta tes that consists of policy players, either inside or outside the government, would like to secure action. For instant, in the health care area, Senator Ted Kennedy (D. Massachusetts) was active in getting health care reform on the congressional agenda. At the local level they interact with the governor to get their program on the agenda. The Governor interacts with Congress, since all legislation goes through Congress for action. No matter what level of the government, federal, state, or local, they allShow MoreRelatedUnited Way and the Boy Scouts of America - a Case Study Essay1735 Words   |  7 PagesUnited Way and the Boy Scouts of America Background The United Way of America is an organization which takes in donations from people and businesses and distributes the funds to programs across the nation to help serve the community. 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The History of the Piano Free Essays

Piano, stringed keyboard musical instrument, derived from the harpsichord and the clavichord. Also called the pianoforte, it differs from its predecessors principally in the introduction of a hammer-and-lever action that allows the player to modify the intensity of sound by the stronger or weaker touch of the fingers. For this reason the earliest known model (1709) was called a gravicembalo col pian e forte (Italian for â€Å"harpsichord with soft and loud†). We will write a custom essay sample on The History of the Piano or any similar topic only for you Order Now It was built by Bartolomeo Cristofori, a harpsichord maker of Florence, Italy, who is generally credited with inventing the piano. Two of his pianos still exist. The case of one, dated 1720, is in the Metropolitan Museum of Art, New York City; the other, dated 1726, is in a museum in Leipzig, Germany. Early Evolution of the Piano Beginning about 1725, when the noted German organ maker Gottfried Silbermann of Freiberg adopted Cristofori’s action, the next major developments took place in Germany. Perhaps the most important contribution was made by Johann Andreas Stein of Augsburg, who is credited with inventing an improved escapement that became the foundation of the â€Å"Viennese† piano praised by Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart and favored by most German composers of the late 18th and early 19th centuries. Twelve masters from central Germany migrated to London about 1760 and established the English school that, under John Broadwood and others, turned to the production of pianos of a stronger build, resembling those of our own day. The French manufacturer Sebastien Erard founded the French school in the 1790s, and in 1823 created the double action that is still in general use. By this time artisans in all Western nations were working to perfect the pianoforte. Numerous improvements were and are still being made in design and construction. Germany and the United States have long been distinguished for fine pianos, notably those of the German firm founded by Karl Bechstein and the American firms of Baldwin, Mason Hamlin, Steinway, and Chickering. The pianos of the Austrian Bosendorfer firm are also highly respected. The compass of the early piano was, like that of the harpsichord, only four, or at most, five octaves, but it has gradually increased to a compass of more than seven octaves as structural changes allowed for increases in tension amounting to several tons. Modern Structure The modern pianoforte has six major parts (in the following discussion, the numbers in parentheses refer to the accompanying diagram (Diagram #1 below) of the structure of a pianoforte): (1) The frame is usually made of iron. At the rear end is attached the string plate, into which the strings are fastened. In the front is the wrest plank, into which the tuning pins are set. Around these is wound the other end of the strings, and by turning these pins the tension of the strings is regulated. (2) The soundboard, a thin piece of fine-grained spruce placed under the strings, reinforces the tone by means of sympathetic vibration. (3) The strings, made of steel wire, increase in length and thickness from the treble to the bass. The higher pitches are each given two or three strings tuned alike. The lower ones are single strings made heavier by being overspun—that is, wound around with a coil of thin copper wire. (4) The action is the entire mechanism required for propelling the hammers against the strings (see Operation of the Action below). The most visible part of the action is the keyboard, a row of keys manipulated by the fingers. The keys corresponding to the natural tones are made of ivory or plastic; those corresponding to the chromatically altered tones, of ebony or plastic. (5) The pedals are levers pressed down by the feet. The damper, or loud pedal, raises all the dampers so that all the strings struck continue to vibrate even after the keys are released. The soft pedal either throws all the hammers nearer to the strings so that the striking distance is diminished by one-half, or shifts the hammers a little to one side so that only a single string instead of the two or three is struck. Some pianos have a third, or sustaining, pedal that does not raise all the dampers, but keeps raised only those already raised by the keys at the moment this pedal is applied. The use of these pedals can produce subtle changes in tone quality. Many upright pianos have been built in which the application of a pedal interposes a strip of felt between the hammers and strings so that only a very faint sound is produced. (6) According to the shape of the case, pianos are classified as grand, square, and upright. The square form (actually rectangular) is no longer built. For use in private homes it has been entirely superseded by the upright, which takes up far less room. Grand pianos are built in various sizes, from the full concert grand, 2. 69 m (8 ft 10 in) long, to the parlor or baby grand, less than 1. 8 m (6 ft) long. Upright pianos include the late 19th-century cottage piano, of which the upright grand is merely a larger form. The modern spinet and console pianos are small uprights related to the cottage piano. In the upright pianos the strings run vertically, or diagonally, from the top to the bottom of the instrument. Uprights and small grands are sometimes overstrung; that is, the bass strings are stretched diagonally across the shorter treble strings, thereby gaining extra length and improved tone quality. The combined tension of the strings on a concert grand piano is about 30 tons, on an upright about 14. How to cite The History of the Piano, Essay examples